频谱显示设置 13 CHAPTER Scope Display Setting
本章要点：FTX-1 在传统二维瀑布频谱之外，还提供了 3DSS（三维频谱流）彩色显示：横轴 X 为频率跨度，纵轴 Y 为信号强 度，纵深 Z 轴为时间。本章完整讲解三种显示模式（CENTER / CURSOR / FIX）、3DSS 与瀑布图切换、MULTI 复合显示、 SPAN 与 SPEED，以及通过 [FUNC] 旋钮设置的 LEVEL、PEAK、MARKER、COLOR、对比度与 DIMMER，并给出"频谱不好看 时怎么调"的排查顺序与常见误设置。
除传统的二维瀑布频谱显示之外，YAESU 还增加了 3DSS In addition to the conventional two-dimensional waterfall （三维频谱流）彩色显示。不断变化的波段状况与信号被 spectrum display, Yaesu has added the 3-Dimension 实时、彩色地描绘出来：频率跨度显示在横向 X 轴上，纵 Spectrum Stream (3DSS) color display. The constantly 向 Y 轴描绘信号及其强度，时间则由向后延伸的 Z 轴表 changing band conditions and signals are depicted in real 示。FTX-1 的操作者可以直观地掌握任意时刻的波段与信 time and color. The frequency span is shown on the 号状况。 horizontal X axis, the vertical Y axis depicts the signals and their strengths, and the time is represented on the receding Z axis. The FTX-1 operator can intuitively grasp the band and signal conditions at any instant.
13-1 CENTER / CURSOR / FIX display modes · CENTER / CURSOR / FIX 三种显示模式
每触摸该键一次，即切换频谱显示的工作方式。触摸显示 Switches the Spectrum Scope operation each time the key 区域时，接收频率会移动到该点。 is touched. When the display area is touched, the receive 在 CENTER 模式下，被触摸的频率成为屏幕中心。 frequency is moved to that point. 在 CURSOR 和 FIX 模式下，标记与接收频率移动到被 In CENTER mode, the frequency touched becomes the 触摸的位置。 center. In CURSOR and FIX mode, the marker and the receive frequency move to the touched position.
CENTER 模式
CENTER mode
接收频率始终显示在屏幕与频谱显示的中心。波段频谱显 The receive frequency is always shown at the center of the 示在 "SPAN" 所设定的范围内。CENTER 模式便于监测工 screen and spectrum display. The band spectrum is shown 作频率周围的信号活动。 within the range set by “SPAN”. The CENTER mode is convenient for monitoring the signal activity around the 在 CENTER 画面上标有以下项目：标记（marker）、当
operating frequency. 前显示模式（CENTER）、扫描速度、频谱屏频率跨度 （显示范围）。出厂时标记显示为 ON。 On the CENTER screen the following items are indicated: the marker, the current display mode (CENTER), the sweep speed, and the scope screen frequency span (display range). At factory shipment, marker display is ON.
CURSOR 模式 CURSOR mode
监测 "SPAN" 所设定范围内的频谱。当频率（标记）超出 Monitors the spectrum within the range set with “SPAN”. 范围的上限或下限时，屏幕会自动滚动，从而可以观察设 When the frequency (marker) exceeds the upper limit or 定范围之外的状况。 the lower limit of the range, the screen is automatically scrolled and the status beyond the setting range can be 在 CURSOR 画面上标有以下项目：显示区域的下限频 observed. 率、标记（接收频率）、标记（发射频率）、当前显示模 式（CURSOR）、扫描速度、频谱屏频率跨度（显示范 On the CURSOR screen the following items are indicated: 围）、显示区域的上限频率。 the lower limit frequency of the display area, the marker (receive frequency), the marker (transmit frequency), the current display mode (CURSOR), the sweep speed, the scope screen frequency span (display range), and the upper limit frequency of the display area.
FIX 模式 FIX mode
要使用固定模式，请输入频谱的起始频率。在 FIX 画面上 To use Fixed Mode, enter the start frequency of the scope. 标有以下项目：显示区域起始频率、标记（接收频率）、 On the FIX screen the following items are indicated: the 标记（发射频率）、当前显示模式（FIX）、扫描速度、频 display area start frequency, the marker (reception 谱屏频率跨度（显示范围）、显示区域的上限频率。 frequency), the marker (transmit frequency), the current display mode (FIX), the sweep speed, the scope screen frequency span (display range), and the upper limit frequency of the display area.
表 13-1 三种显示模式的选用 Table 13-1 Choosing among the three display modes
模式 屏幕如何跟随频率 典型用途 Mode How the screen follows the frequency Typical use
CENTER 接收频率恒在屏幕正中，频谱随频率 监测工作频率周围的活动；常规守听与呼叫 一起移动
CURSOR 画面固定，频率标记在其中移动；超 在一段固定频段内扫视，同时保留"我在哪"的位置感 出上下限时自动滚屏
FIX 需输入起始频率，显示范围完全固定 长期盯住某一固定频段（如某个 CW 区段、某个数据模式窗口）
13-2 3DSS and waterfall · 3DSS 与瀑布图切换
在 3DSS 显示与瀑布图显示之间切换。每触摸一次，显示 Switch between the 3DSS display and the waterfall display. 即改变：3DSS 类型，然后瀑布图类型。 The display will change each time it is touched: 3DSS type, 当你想判断某个信号在过去几秒内的行为（例如把一个正 then waterfall type. 在衰落的 DX 台与一个稳定的本地载波区分开）时，用 Use the 3DSS view when you want to judge how a signal 3DSS 视图；当你需要更长、更平展的波段历史，并要在 has behaved over the last few seconds (for example to 很宽的跨度上读取精确频率时，用瀑布图视图。 separate a fading DX station from a steady local carrier). Use the waterfall view when you want a longer, flatter history of the band and need to read exact frequencies across a wide span.
13-3 MULTI display · MULTI 复合显示
除频谱显示之外，还会同时显示示波器与 AF-FFT。再次触 In addition to the scope display, the oscilloscope and AF- 摸即返回原来的画面。 FFT are also presented. Touch again to return to the 该画面提供两个触摸区域：一个用于设置衰减器，另一个 original screen. 用于设置电平与扫描速度（原厂手册未标注两者的上下位 Two touch areas are provided on this screen: touch the 置，请以实际画面为准）。 upper area to set the attenuator, and touch the lower area to set the level and sweep speed.
13-4 SPAN · SPAN（频率跨度）
设定频谱屏的频率跨度（显示范围）。触摸后选择所需的 Set the frequency span (display range) of the scope screen. 跨度。改变 SPAN 时显示电平也会随之变化，因此每次都 After touching, select the desired span. The display level 要用 [D-LEVEL] 重新设定最佳显示电平。 changes when SPAN is changed, so reset the optimum display level with [D-LEVEL] each time.
13-5 SPEED · SPEED（扫描速度）
设定频谱显示的扫描速度。触摸后选择所需的速度。 Sets the Scope Display sweep speed. After touching, select 触摸 [STOP] 可暂时冻结 3DSS 显示与瀑布图显示的运 the desired speed. 行。再次触摸 [STOP]，或选择其他速度，即解除冻结。 Touch [STOP] to temporarily hold the 3DSS display and waterfall display operations. Touch [STOP] again, or select another speed, to release the hold.
表 13-2 SPEED 可选值 Table 13-2 Available SPEED settings
选项 扫描速度 何时使用 Selection Sweep speed When to use
SLOW1 慢 极限弱信号；让信号在屏幕上"堆积"出来
SLOW2 介于 SLOW1（慢）与 FAST1 弱信号可见性与响应速度的折中 （正常）之间
FAST1 正常 日常守听的默认速度
FAST2 介于 FAST1（正常）与 快速扫过波段寻找活跃频点 FAST3（快）之间
FAST3 快 最快刷新；弱信号会变淡，仅用于快速扫视
STOP 冻结画面 想仔细查看某一瞬间，或截图/指给别人看时
13-6 Set with the FUNC knob · 用 [FUNC] 旋钮进行的显示设置
操作 [FUNC] 旋钮可进行下列与显示相关的设置：D- Operate the [FUNC] knob to make the following settings LEVEL、D-PEAK、D-MARKER、D-COLOR、D- related to the display: D-LEVEL, D-PEAK, D-MARKER, D- CONTRAST 与 DIMMER。 COLOR, D-CONTRAST and DIMMER. 上次使用的功能会保留在 [FUNC] 旋钮中，因此操作 The last function used is retained in the [FUNC] knob so it [FUNC] 旋钮即可方便地设置。通常建议把 [FUNC] 旋钮 can be easily set by operating the [FUNC] knob. Normally, 当作频谱屏的 [D-LEVEL] 旋钮来使用。 it is suggested to utilize the [FUNC] knob as the [D-LEVEL] knob for the spectrum scope.
[FUNC] Knob 按住后从功能屏中触摸所需项目（或旋转选中后按下），即可用同一旋钮连续调节；等待约 3 秒或按下 功能旋钮 [FUNC] 旋钮即保存。 Press and hold, then touch the desired item on the function screen (or rotate to select and press); the same knob then adjusts the value. Wait about 3 seconds or press the knob to save.
[BACK] 连按数次即可退出菜单回到正常工作画面。 返回键 Press several times to exit the menu and return to normal operation.
[DISP] 每按一次切换操作画面；按住则关闭显示，触摸屏幕或做任何操作即可恢复。 显示切换键 Each press switches the operation screen; press and hold to turn the display off. Touch the screen or perform any operation to bring it back.
LEVEL（显示电平） LEVEL
调整电平，使目标信号与噪声更容易区分。显示电平会随 Adjust the level to make it easier to distinguish between 天线增益、状况、波段、SPAN 等而改变。请始终把 the desired signal and noise. The display level changes LEVEL 调整到屏幕上图像最佳的状态。 depending on antenna gain, condition, frequency band, SPAN and so on. Always adjust the LEVEL for the best 按住 [FUNC] 旋钮后触摸 [D-LEVEL]，然后旋转 [FUNC]
image on the screen. 旋钮选择所需电平。
Press and hold the [FUNC] knob then touch [D-LEVEL], and then turn the [FUNC] knob to select the desired level.
在 3DSS 画面上，把 LEVEL 调到"噪声电平只能看到一点 On the 3DSS screen, weak signals may be more easily 点"的程度，弱信号可能更容易被观察到，因此请始终将 observed by adjusting the LEVEL so that the noise level can LEVEL 调整并保持在最佳位置。更换波段或改变 SPAN be seen only a little, so always adjust the LEVEL and use it 时，务必重新调整。 at the optimum position. Be sure to make adjustments when changing bands or changing SPAN. 电平改变时，信号强度看起来也会变化，但这并不影响实 际的信号输入电平。 If the level is changed, the signal strength also appears to change, but it does not affect the actual signal input level.
PEAK（色彩浓度） PEAK
色彩浓度可按信号电平进行调整。触摸 PEAK 后选择所需 The color density may be adjusted to the level of the 的色彩浓度。按住 [FUNC] 旋钮后触摸 [PEAK]，然后旋转 signal. Touch PEAK and then select the desired color [FUNC] 旋钮选择所需电平。 concentration. Press and hold the [FUNC] knob then touch [PEAK], and then turn the [FUNC] knob to select the 五个档位依次为 LV1（慢）→ LV2 → LV3（正常）→ LV4
desired level. → LV5（快）。
The five steps are LV1 (slow) → LV2 → LV3 (normal) → LV4 → LV5 (fast).
MARKER（频率标记）
MARKER
显示标记，用以指示当前接收频率与发射频率在频谱中的 Displays markers that indicate the position of the current 位置。按住 [FUNC] 旋钮后触摸 [MARKER]，可将 receive and the transmit frequencies in the spectrum. Press MARKER 打开或关闭。通常保持 ON。 and hold the [FUNC] knob then touch [MARKER] to turn the MARKER ON or OFF. Normally leave it ON. 屏幕上显示的两个标记分别是接收频率与发射频率，这让 异频（Split）操作时对频率的把握容易得多。 The two markers shown are the receive frequency and the transmit frequency, which makes split operation much easier to keep track of.
COLOR（配色） COLOR
可更改频谱屏的显示颜色或频率的字体颜色。按住 The display color of the scope screen or font color of the [FUNC] 旋钮后触摸 [COLOR]，然后从颜色选择画面中触 frequency can be changed. Press and hold the [FUNC] 摸所需的颜色。 knob then touch [COLOR], then touch the desired color from the color selection screen. 频谱屏显示颜色可从 12 种中选择，频率字体颜色可从 3 种中选择。 The scope screen display color can be selected from 12 types, and the font color of the frequency from 3 types.
对比度与亮度 Contrast and brightness
调整对比度：调整 TFT 显示屏的对比度。按住 [FUNC] 旋 Adjust contrast: adjust the contrast of the TFT display. 钮后触摸 [D-CONTRAST]，然后旋转 [FUNC] 旋钮调整对 Press and hold the [FUNC] knob then touch [D- 比度。 CONTRAST], and then turn the [FUNC] knob to adjust the contrast. 调整亮度（DIMMER）：调整 TFT 显示屏的亮度。按住 [FUNC] 旋钮后触摸 [DIMMER]，然后旋转 [FUNC] 旋钮 Adjusting the brightness (DIMMER): adjust the brightness 调整亮度。 of the TFT display. Press and hold the [FUNC] knob then touch [DIMMER], and then turn the [FUNC] knob to adjust the brightness.
表 13-3 [FUNC] 旋钮显示类设置项汇总 Table 13-3 Display settings available from the [FUNC] knob
项目 取值范围 说明 Item Range Description
D-LEVEL 用 [FUNC] 旋钮连续调节 调整频谱的 LEVEL，使屏幕图像最佳
D-PEAK LV1 ~ LV5（5 档） 按信号电平调整色彩浓度
D-MARKER ON / OFF 频谱图内指示发射与接收频率位置的标记
D-COLOR 频谱屏显示色 12 种；频率字体 更改频谱屏显示颜色或频率字体颜色 色3种
D-CONTRAST 21 级 调整 TFT 显示对比度（明暗差）
DIMMER 21 级 调整 TFT 显示亮度
技术提示 · "频谱不好看 / 看不清"的排查顺序 TIP
按下列顺序逐项检查，通常一分钟内就能把频谱调好：①先确认 SPAN——跨度太宽会把弱信号压成一条看不见的细线，太窄 又看不到波段全貌；②改完 SPAN 后立刻重调 D-LEVEL，这是最容易被忘记、也最影响观感的一步；③把 D-LEVEL 调到"噪声 基底刚刚露出一点点"，而不是调到噪声完全消失；④还嫌弱信号淡，就把 SPEED 从 FAST1 降到 SLOW2 或 SLOW1；⑤信号 太"糊"、颜色溢出成一片，降低 D-PEAK 档位（LV5 → LV3）；⑥信号尖峰颜色过淡则提高 D-PEAK；⑦整体看不清是屏幕问 题还是频谱问题——先调 D-CONTRAST 与 DIMMER，再回头调 D-LEVEL；⑧在强信号环境下先开 ATT 或切 IPO，再重调 D-LEVEL。每次换波段、换天线、换 SPAN，都要重走一遍 ②。 Work through the following checklist; the scope can usually be tuned properly within a minute. (1) Check SPAN first — too wide and weak signals collapse into an invisible hairline, too narrow and you cannot see the band. (2) Immediately re-adjust D-LEVEL after changing SPAN; this is the step most often forgotten and the one that affects the picture most. (3) Set D-LEVEL so that the noise floor is only just visible, not so low that the noise disappears entirely. (4) If weak signals are still faint, reduce SPEED from FAST1 to SLOW2 or SLOW1. (5) If the display looks smeared and the colour bleeds into one mass, lower D-PEAK (LV5 → LV3). (6) If signal peaks look washed out, raise D-PEAK. (7) Decide whether the problem is the screen or the spectrum — adjust D-CONTRAST and DIMMER first, then go back to D-LEVEL. (8) In a strong-signal environment, engage ATT or switch to IPO first, then re-adjust D-LEVEL. Repeat step (2) every time you change band, antenna or SPAN.
避坑指南 · 频谱显示的常见误设置 PITFALL
①把 D-LEVEL 当成"增益"来调是最典型的误解：它只改变画面绘制，不改变实际输入电平。屏幕上信号"变强"了，实际抄收效 果不会有任何改善——真正要提高弱信号可读性，请回到第 11 章的 ATT / IPO / AMP。②改了 SPAN 却不重调 D-LEVEL， 结果满屏一片白或一片黑，误以为机器坏了。③长期把 SPEED 固定在 FAST3 追弱信号：刷新越快，每个频点的驻留时间越 短，弱信号反而最容易"刷没"。④把 D-MARKER 关掉后做 Split 操作，完全看不出自己在哪个频率发射，极易叫错频率。⑤在 CW 窄带工作时用了太大的 SPAN，看起来好像"什么都没有"，其实是 CW 信号被压成了一根看不见的线——窄带模式请把 SPAN 收窄。⑥把 [FUNC] 旋钮停在某个不常用功能上（例如 DIMMER），下次想调电平时会误改亮度；建议用完就把它转回 D-LEVEL。 (1) Treating D-LEVEL as a gain control is the classic misunderstanding: it changes only the way the picture is drawn, not the actual input level. A signal that "looks stronger" on screen will not copy any better — to genuinely improve weak-signal readability, go back to ATT / IPO / AMP in Chapter 11. (2) Changing SPAN without re-adjusting D-LEVEL leaves the screen all white or all black, which is easily mistaken for a fault. (3) Leaving SPEED permanently at FAST3 while chasing weak signals: the faster the sweep, the shorter the dwell time per frequency, and weak signals are precisely what gets swept away. (4) Turning D-MARKER off and then operating split leaves you with no visible indication of your transmit frequency, making it very easy to call on the wrong frequency. (5) Using too wide a SPAN for narrow-band CW work makes the band look empty, when in fact the CW signal has been squeezed into an invisible line — narrow the SPAN for narrow-band modes. (6) Leaving the [FUNC] knob parked on an infrequently used item such as DIMMER means the next attempt to adjust the level will change the brightness instead; return it to D-LEVEL when you are finished.